Painting (see Figure 1) is a usually liquid dispersion which, when applied, takes consistency by evaporation or by reaction with oxygen from the air or the Crosslinkers. The basic components of the paintings are the vehicle, consisting of solvent or diluent, and the binder, which polymerizes or reacts forming a solid layer and retains the pigments and the loads when the paint dries. The components of the painting were dispersionan in the manufacturing process. The main stages of the manufacture of paintings are: the mixture of binder and solvent, with or without additives aggregation. The actual dispersion or grinding of pigments with the vehicle, although there is no particle breakage and added the dispersant adapted to the system.
Adjustment of the formulation or, more commonly, the color setting. Finally, the packaging. The liquid paint is applied the surfaces using different techniques. The drying of the liquid paint, applied once in the corresponding substrate, is performed by three mechanisms: 1. solvent evaporation: curing physical. 2 Absorption, through the drying, of atmospheric oxygen oils: curing chemical. 3. Reaction between vehicle components.
The polymer chains react with molecules of cross-linking or entreenlazantes. Some concepts related to the paintings are as follows: vehicle = varnish. Solvent = diluent. Binder = resin = binder. Enamel = paint with very volatile solvent. Lacquer = very pigmented paint with easy evaporating solvent. Plastic paint = water paint with acrylic resin which has properties similar to plastics to evaporate the solvent. Tempera paint = painting water with cellulosic binders and, generally, loads with no pigments. In summary, the conventional liquid paint (there is also paint powder) consists of vehicle and pigment. The vehicle consists of the Binder (vehicle not) volatile) and solvent or volatile vehicle. Once dry, protective or decorative film coating is formed. The paint without pigment, only with the vehicle, receives the name of varnish or lacquer. If a solution of resin in a volatile solvent is applied to gun or brush, when the solvent evaporates, only a transparent layer with little protective capacity and weak adhesion. Sometimes, the evaporation of the solvent is performed at elevated temperature, is referred to as varnish to the fire. Varnishes have inhibitory character nor exert any cathodic protection; its protective action against corrosion is limited to the barrier effect.